The application of nuclear technology is closely related to people's life, especially the isotope and radiation technology (hereinafter referred to as "convergence technology"). It has been widely used in many fields such as industry, agriculture, medicine and environmental protection due to its technical advantages and high permeability. In developed countries such as the United States and Japan, huge industries with great vitality have been formed. Their economic scale and employment number have exceeded that of nuclear power, which has an important impact on national GDP growth. Developed countries such as Japan believe that nuclear power and convergence technology are like two wheels of a car, and the development of convergence technology is closely related to the improvement of people's quality of life.
Now the shape
The research and application of China's convergent technology has a history of more than 40 years. It has experienced a pioneering period, a research and development period, and an application and industrialization period.
In the 1990s, under the guidance of "reform and opening up", "rejuvenating the country through science and education" and the strategy of sustainable development, China has made remarkable progress in the industrialization development of isotopic and radiation technology. According to statistics, by the end of 2003, there were more than 300 enterprises engaged in research, development and production of the same radiation technology in China, among which there were about 230 factories, more than 40 scientific research institutes of a certain scale, and about 20 institutions of higher learning. In 2003, the annual output value of the same radiation industry was about 37.6 billion yuan (including 20 billion yuan of relevant output value including ion injection). In comparison with 1999, the average annual growth rate reached 18%, which was highlighted in the following aspects:
In the field of radiation device in kui, the situation of cobalt source device in China is changing fundamentally. The industrial electronic accelerator is developing rapidly.
Radiation chemical industry has emerged some production value of over 100 million yuan enterprises, some of the output value has exceeded 300 million yuan. Radiation chemical industry is a new processing method to realize material modification by using ionizing radiation on chemical changes of substances (combination, decomposition, crosslinking, polymerization, grafting, curing, degradation, etc.). High performance special materials that are difficult to obtain by conventional methods can be synthesized or prepared. The products have high added value and wide application range, which involve many important national economic fields such as communication electronics, electric power transportation, petrochemical industry, aerospace and so on.
In the radiation processing service, irradiated food is an important field of radiation application in guangzhou. Due to its unique advantages of energy saving, convenience and efficiency, good hygiene and safety, as well as maintaining food flavor, irradiated food has been widely used. In 2003, more than 100,000 tons of food were irradiated in China, up 67 percent from 60,000 tons in 1999. Irradiation is the highest in the world, and at the international conference on radiological processing in the United States in September 2003, irradiated food was recognized as the preferred development project.
Along with the attention to environmental protection and people's health, the irradiation disinfection of medical supplies has also greatly developed. The safety performance and health quality of radiation sterilization products have been confirmed, the social benefits are increasingly obvious, and the economy is competitive. Therefore, this industry has become an important field of rapid development and successful application in radiation processing in foreign countries, and China has great development potential. In terms of radiation detection and control, the usage amount of conventional isotope instruments has exceeded 25,000, among which the annual production capacity of nuclear scales is 2,500, occupying most of the domestic market. The large container detection system is the world's most advanced competitive product in the field of nuclear technology in China.
Radiation mutagenesis breeding and tracing. Agricultural nuclear technology is an important support for the development of agriculture and rural economy in China. It is widely used in the fields of new agricultural seeds cultivation and variety improvement, efficient utilization of agricultural resources, processing of agricultural products, and prevention and control of pests of important commercial crops, especially in radiation breeding.
Isotopes and their products. In 2003, the sales volume exceeded 410 million yuan, an increase of 46% over the 280 million yuan in 1999.
The treatment of waste of radiation processing technology, environmental protection and management is the common responsibility of mankind. In the past, the problem of environmental pollution in China was very serious due to outdated technical concepts, over-exploitation of resources and inadequate law enforcement. Under the guidance of the strategy of sustainable development, the state attaches great importance to environmental protection and has intensified efforts to control pollution. And ionizing radiation method because of the biological refractory pollutants into the advantage of biodegradable material, can even turn, has increasingly received attention at home and abroad, the domestic has been carried out for waste gas, waste water, solid waste treatment, such as experiment or pilot studies, particularly in the use of electron beam radiation processing coal dust removal, desulphurization, in sichuan province, hangzhou, Beijing and other places to carry out the industrialization demonstration application, is expected to the national market share of nearly 200 billion yuan. Radiation processing technology has a broad application prospect in the field of environmental protection.
Ask questions
Compared with developed countries, China has a large gap in both technological level and economic scale. The main problems are as follows:
Lack of understanding of the technology industry of the same radiation, lack of practical overall planning. Over the years, although relevant departments have done a lot of research, but there is still a lack of practical overall planning, more discussion, less action, difficult to form scale and industry.
Insufficient capital investment and short industrial chain. Today's development of China's convergent technology is inseparable from the support and help of competent authorities. The development of the industry mainly relies on the accumulation of scientific research achievements around the 1980s. There are few new products, especially those with independent intellectual property rights. There are few original ones. The main reason of weak innovation ability is the lack of research and development fund channel and capital investment. Under the conditions of market economy, some scientific research institutes that started with nuclear technology research have successively converted to establish joint-stock companies or enterprise groups, such as "tsinghua tongfang", "atomic high-tech", "(changchun) zhongke yinhua", "remote science and technology", "China nuclear qualcomm", and "innovation of science and technology university", showing new vitality. Non-nuclear large enterprises such as shanshan group, golden corporation, jiangsu communications, capital group, etc. have entered the application field of nuclear technology successively, which is encouraging. In the new situation, it is completely correct to let enterprises as the main body of the market economy. However, for the growing enterprises with the same radio, there is still no more capital for research and development. Most of the input of enterprises is used in the renovation of plants and the purchase of equipment. In the field of radiation chemical industry, according to the sampling survey, the average investment in science and technology in the past three years is only 0.8% of the annual sales revenue, far lower than the minimum warning line of 2% in the high-tech industry. From the perspective of national investment in research and development, China is at the lower middle level, while the investment in the application of nuclear technology is declining. Such as the United States, Japan, South Korea to both market economy as the main body of the developed countries, government departments are still in the basic research and process equipment such as industrialization has invested heavily, in the United States, the federal research spending fell by 9% in the 90 s, but the basic research investment surged 42% instead, the United States used in basic research funding in 2000 was $47.9 billion, accounts for about a quarter of all the research, the federal government's investment accounts for nearly half; Since 1992-1996, the Korean government has allocated us $500 million for the implementation of the atomic technology development plan, and after the establishment of the atomic energy research and development institute in 1997, it plans to invest another us $2.6 billion in the implementation of the medium - and long-term development plan of nuclear technology between 1997 and 2006. These measures are worthy of our serious consideration.
Lack of coordinated management and strong policy support. Convergence technology is a special technology and a special industry. According to incomplete statistics, there are 7-8 management departments related to the industry, but up to now, they are all on their own and lack unified coordination and cooperation. In addition, some management lags behind, such as the lack of a strong international binding on ethylene oxide disinfection; Strong policy support and guidance are needed for environmental protection of irradiated food, customs quarantine and flue gas treatment.
The loss of troops and lack of successors is the bottleneck that restricts the development of the industry. In the 1950s and 1970s, under the pressure of the international anti-china forces, China had established a nuclear science and technology team capable of fighting. But as the situation at home and abroad changes, the team is weakening in some ways. China has successfully built large accelerator devices such as the collider, but in the aspect of industrial accelerator research and development, it is machine adult powder. Most of the agricultural atomic energy research institutes, which take nuclear agriculture as the research object and have made great achievements, face the dilemma of being delisted in the institutional reform.
Due to the lack of the development strategy of cultivating nuclear technology talents, some key universities have adjusted, annexed or abolished their nuclear related majors, while the scientific and technological talents in the industry of tongji have been retired one after another. In China, the professional talents in the industry of tongji have been in short supply and lack of successors. Accelerating the training of nuclear science and technology talents is an urgent task.
trend
Isotope and radiation technologies are promising. It is reported that in developed countries, the economic benefits obtained by convergence technology account for 2-5% of the total national economic income, and the ratio of input to output is as high as 1:5 to 1:10. In 1991 the United States "management information services company" for more than two years of investigation, in 1994 at the international conference, the chairman of the nuclear learn to release, the conclusion is that the radioactive isotope and radioactive materials of the power applied to the American economy the contribution of $257 billion/year, 3.5 times that of nuclear power ($73 billion), accounting for 3.9% of the GDP, and created about 3.7 million jobs. And exclaim that this is a "little-known truth". In order to verify this conclusion, the United States in 1995, for the reference year, two years of investigation, released in 1997, the results are: the United States in 1995 with radial technology (i.e., the power application) there has been a larger contribution to the economy growth, reached $331 billion, 3.67 times for nuclear power ($90.2 billion), accounted for 4.7% of America's GDP, and provides 3.95 million jobs. In this situation, the Japanese isotope association started its three-year survey in 1997 and reported in 2000, and the conclusion is consistent with that of the United States. The economic scale of the same radiation technology is $71.4 billion, 1.18 times that of nuclear power ($60.6 billion), accounting for 1.7% of Japan's GDP. The industrialization reality of western developed countries provides us with important reference basis. Under the current conditions, China's efforts to make the industrial scale of convergent technology accounts for 1% of GDP, that is, the annual output value of 100 billion yuan should be achievable.
The 16th national congress of the CPC put forward the grand blueprint of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the first 20 years of the 21st century. This period is � * * úÄ yu gang ¢Õ hire ¬Î burn Ze troublesome øÉ Mei international mash úÒ gear's tomb, üÊ forced Song = anakims; � 1 month, the national development and reform commission issued to organize the implementation of "civilian power nuclear technology special high technology industrialization", has been clear about the direction of the key technology for: nuclear detection imaging system; New radioactive diagnostic and therapeutic devices and innovative drugs; Application of ray technology in environmental protection field; Application of radiation processing and material modification; New irradiation devices, such as radiation accelerators and isotopic products, commissioned the association to hold a publicity symposium, and proposed to make the output value of China's nuclear technology application industry reach 100 billion yuan in about five years, and maintain an average annual growth rate of 15%, which is a great support and spur for the development of the industry. Nuclear agronomy will also play an important role under the good situation that the state attaches great importance to solving the problems of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". In the industry association recently completed with radial technology industrialization development and countermeasures research report, also puts forward the same development goals, and suggests that the radiation chemical industry, food irradiation, health care products of radiation sterilization disinfection, nuclear radiation detection equipment, agricultural technology, management three wastes and radioactive isotope products and industrial electronic accelerator radiation isotope following eight areas, such as the key point of the development of the industrialization, fundamentally improve the technical level of with radial industry in China, the industrial scale and the competition ability, make greater contribution for the national economic and social development. We believe that, encouraged by the good situation and supported by the competent authorities, the industry will move towards a better spring.